Scientific method

The scientific method is the process scientists use to answer questions and solve problems. The scientific method is equivalent to the “rules” of a sport or game. The basic rules needed to complete a science fair project are listed below. – But be forewarned, just like in sports, if players do not follow the rules, there are penalties (i.e., points off at judging). As the coach you need to understand the process so you can guide your child and avoid the common pitfalls.

The steps of scientific method 

1.      Observation

Using the sense hearing, touch, smell, taste and sight to collect information about an object or a phenomenon.

2.      Lead to Questions

Do some research on a topic of interest, make an observation about a variable from that subject, and then ask a question based on the observation made.

Note: Where and why questions are difficult to answer with a science fair project, so guide your student toward how questions, for example: How does this variable affect that variable? and what questions such as: What is the impact of this variable on that variable?

3.      Hypothesizing

Making a general statement about the relationship between a manipulated variable and a responding variable in order to explain an event or observation. This statement can be tested to determine its validity.

4.      Experimenting

Planning and conducting activities to test a certain hypothesis. These activities include collecting, analyzing and interpreting data.

Design an experiment to test the hypothesis stated:

·         Identify the independent, dependent, and constant/controlled variables

·         Ensure the dependent variable is quantitative (measurable)

·         Include the appropriate control (it must “control” for the independent variable)

·         Replicate experiment at least 3 times (collect data)

5.      Analyze Data

Examining information in detail by breaking it down into smaller parts to find implicit meaning and relationships. This step used to determine if the hypothesis should be accepted or rejected.

6.      Making conclusions

Making a statement about the outcome of an investigation that is based on hypothesis. The conclusion is often the next observation so finish the project by suggesting the next experiment that could be done.

7.      Communicating

Using words or graphic symbols such as tables, graphs, figures or models to describe an action, object or event.